History of the Artificial Heart

History of the Artificial Heart The first artificial heart for humans was invented and patented in the 1950s, but it wasnt until 1982 that a working artificial heart, the Jarvik-7, was successfully implanted in a human patient.   Early Milestones As with many medical innovations, the first artificial heart was implanted in an animal in this case, a dog. Soviet scientist Vladimir Demikhov, a pioneer in the field of organ transplantation, implanted an artificial heart into a dog in 1937. (It wasnt Demikhovs most famous work, however - today he is mostly remembered for performing head transplants on dogs.) Interestingly, the first patented artificial heart was invented by American Paul Winchell, whose primary occupation was as a ventriloquist and comedian. Winchell also had some medical training and was assisted in his endeavor by Henry Heimlich, who is remembered for the emergency choking treatment that bears his name. His creation was never actually put into use. The Liotta-Cooley artificial heart was implanted into a patient in 1969 as a stopgap measure; it was replaced with a donors heart a few days later, but the patient died soon thereafter.   The Jarvik 7   The Jarvik-7 heart was developed by American scientist Robert Jarvik and his mentor, Willem Kolff.   In 1982, Seattle dentist Dr. Barney Clark was the first person implanted with the Jarvik-7, the first artificial heart intended to last a lifetime. William DeVries, an American cardiothoracic surgeon, performed the surgery. The patient survived 112 days. It has been hard, but the heart itself has pumped right along, Clark said in the months following his history-making surgery. Subsequent iterations of the artificial heart have seen further success; the second patient to receive the Jarvik-7, for instance, lived for 620 days after implantation. People want a normal life, and just being alive is not good enough, Jarvik has said.   Despite these advances, less than two thousand artificial hearts have been implanted, and the procedure is generally used as a bridge until a donor heart can be secured. Today, the most common artificial heart is the SynCardia temporary Total Artificial Heart, accounting for 96% of all artificial heart transplants. And it doesnt come cheap, with a price tag of around $125,000.

Code of ethics Movie Review Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Code of ethics - Movie Review Example The movie outlines some important evidence as to how Modern Corporation is becoming a dominating influence in the society. It is increasingly becoming more influential not only in the decision making process of the government but also controlling other resources. As a result of this trend, the public may not be able to enjoy or entitle to goods and services which are the basic duties of a State to provide for. The encroachment of corporations into the domains of government therefore considered as one of the key ethical areas of concerns from public policy perspectives. Though the point of view of modern corporations has also been depicted in the movie however, this movie has been successful in highlighting important ethical and non-ethical issues. These issues include control over free resources, the role of government in providing free services as well as the replacement of the conventional power of Church, Government as well as Monarchs by the modern

History 4 discussion Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

History 4 discussion - Essay Example Therefore, successful outcomes of reduced insurgence by the north and their retreat could count in indicating that US was winning the war. Hamburger Hill is one the movies that gives an account of the occurrences that took shape in the Vietnam War and relays the story from the soldiers who took part in the war. The movie shows an attempt to take Hill 937 by the US troops and the negative impact that war brings about. Other films that also give a firsthand account of the war are, Band of Brothers and Saving Private Ryan. Limited war is the opposite of total war. The war was based on ideologies of means and end. Because of constraints in terms of the resources like financial, military and human, the presence or absence of a vision played a great role in influencing the outcome of the war. The war had to be fought by any means in order to attain the desired result. The end was to justify the means. The topic describes the Vietnam War as formless and could hardly be sustained. It had crude statistics of measuring a win. Assuming that Southern Vietnam was not an excessively hard place to operate and under-estimation of the enemy, made the war possible and sustained. The Viet used Guerrilla tactics in their combat. The US soldiers, on the other hand, used the search and destroy tactics as well as bombing the economic and industrial centers of the enemy soldiers and this tactic obliterated the Viet Cong army. To describe the Vietnam war as formless and frontless, I think creates a picture of lack of military organization with no clear cut means of measuring attained success and no strategies to secure the secured enemy territory. The war had no specific objective that could be pointed out and was, thus, formless. It was hard to identify signs of victory. Fighting could take place anywhere at any time with no frontline. The Cuban missile crisis was a great threat of nuclear war in the world. The patience exhibited by J.F Kennedy helped put the

Collapse of the Societies Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Collapse of the Societies - Essay Example He has clearly mentioned out that more than climatic variations; a society’s attitude towards addressing the environmental problems plays a key role in the demise of the society. It depends on the people and the government that how they consider it and what measures they take it in response to those environmental problems. He has stressed upon one factor that it depends on the society to choose its fate; to fail or to succeed. He has clearly mentioned that there are some societies that have sustained themselves even in the hard times such as Japan and on the other hand, there are some societies that have totally collapsed such as Somalia or Zimbabwe or those societies which are closer to collapse such as Nepal. According to him, we can learn from their downfall that what were the key factors that played a significant role in their collapse and then we can make an analysis of our selves that where are we standing today; near to collapse or we are already collapsed. Further Diam ond has identified that environmental problems are due to the irresponsible attitude of the humans. Humans have been the basic cause of societal collapse such as in case of Vikings; who happened to cause a lot of damage to their environment such as they caused soil erosion, they wilding cut the trees as a result deforestation occurred and the gradually the environmental problems and climatic changes occurred which caused inevitable damage to the overall society and hence a point came when those societies were swept off from the world. In other words we can say that, human interaction with its environment play an important role in determining the fate of a society. Here Jared has quoted the example of Montana which was a prosperous state with sound environmental conditions in USA. But today, the societal pattern of Montana has completely collapsed. It is one of the poorest states with unstable environmental conditions. The climate of Montana is getting warmer with no proper action pl an or government plan. However, we can say that today Montana’s invulnerable condition is becoming a threat to the overall United States. On the other hand, Jared sees that some of the societies collapse when they reach their peak such as Soviet Union. According to him Soviet Union faced a sudden decline in the time when USSR was in its greatest power. According to him, the main causes in such sudden collapse may be the mismatch between the resources available and their consumption or it could be a mismatch between economic potential and economic plans. There are some environmental factors that make some societies fragile than other societies. According to him there are two basic factors that cause a society to collapse such as conflict between the short term decision making interest of the elites and long term interest of the society as a whole. Whatever that is good in the interest of the elites for short term could turn out to be worst for the society in the long run. The American society could suffer from the same consequences from their governed bodies and business elites. It is imperative for the societies to understand all the problems and to take effective measures in addressing these problems. Addressing one problem would not be sufficient enough to tackle and overcome the issue of collapsing societies but it is highly important that all the problems should be highlighted and addressed on time to avoid collapse. Analysis

Knowledge And Skill Among Nurses Health And Social Care Essay

Knowledge And Skill Among Nurses Health And Social Care Essay Review of literature is a systematic search of a published work to gain information about a research topic (Polit and Hungler). This chapter deals with the related literature review which aids to generate a picture of what is known and not known about a particular situation. The literature review was based on extensive survey of books, journals and international nursing studies. A review of literature relevant to the study was undertaken which helped the investigator to develop insight into the problem and gain information on what has been done in the past. An extensive review of literature was done by the investigator to lay a broad foundation for the study and a conceptual framework framed based on Hildegard peplus interpersonal theory to proceed with the study under the following headings. The logical sequence of the chapter is organized in the following section: 2.1 Part I Reviews related to effectiveness of essential newborn care module on knowledge and skill among nurses. 2.2 Part II : Reviews related to knowledge and skill of newborn resuscitation among nurses. 2.1 Part 1: Reviews related to effectiveness of essential newborn care module on knowledge and skill among nurses. Joshi, P. (2012) conducted a randomized controlled trail, to evaluate the knowledge and skills of essential newborn care among student nurses. After the training on essential newborn care the student nurses knowledge and skills score were gained than before training. The study concluded thus using essential newborn care as new technology in class room teaching may be an effective method. Garclrs, A., et al. (2012) conducted population based, prospective, interventional pre post design study on essential newborn care course among traditional birth attendants. This study analyzed the effect of training and implementation of the essential newborn care. The study concluded that the essential newborn care training reduced still births. Scale-up of this intervention in other settings help to assess reproducibility. Elliott-Carter N., Harper J (2012) stated that, keeping mother and newborn together during the time immediately after delivery has several benefits, which is the components of essential newborn care. A new care delivery model was instituted so the women who delivered by cesarean were able to recover with their infants and the outcome has been very positive with increased satisfaction as well as the promotion of breast feeding and maternal infant bonding. Sodani PR, Sharma K (2011) conducted a case study on essential newborn care at Baratpur. Data were collected through structured questionnaire and evaluated. The result showed that in the communities the infrastructure of newborn care unit should have adequate facility and community health centre birth attenders should have knowledge and practice in newborn care. Pradhan Y V., et al. (2011) stated an over view of implementation of essential newborn care program. Effective implementation of community based intervention program are an essential step to avert newborn death, in settings where the health facilities are unable to effectively deliver the intervention. Saravanan S., et al (2011) conducted a study to assess the effectiveness of essential newborn care program during delivery and in community care in developing countries. The aim of the study to assess the post training program and in disseminating evidence based knowledge on essential newborn care program. The finding suggested that the training program improve the knowledge and practice among birth attendants. Goudar, SS., et al. (2011) conducted a community based cluster randomized controlled trial to evaluate the effect of WHO essential newborn care course on perinatal mortality among birth attendants, Karnataka, India. Using a pre post design WHO essential newborn care community birth attendant training resulted in a significant reduction in perinatal mortality. In low resource settings, the newborn care training package appears to be an effective intervention to decrease perinatal mortality. Matendo R., et al (2011) conducted a secondary analysis on the effect of training of essential newborn care program among traditional birth attendants and midwives in Democratic Republic of Congo. The study revealed that training midwives and birth attendants reduces perinatal mortality after the training. There was a gradual but significant decline in neonatal mortality during the year following essential newborn care training which was independently associated with following training. Manasyan A., et al (2011) conducted the study to evaluate the WHO essential newborn care training in Zambia. Data were extracted the effectiveness of essential newborn care was evaluated. Training of essential newborn care was given to clinical midwives in their first level facilities. Before and after study of the effect of essential newborn care was evaluated. The result showed that, after the training neonatal mortality decreased from 11.5 per 1000 to 6.8 per 1000 live births. Samson LF (2011) stated that, the training on essential newborn care among midwives in low cost intervention reduces the neonatal mortality. Newborn infants need some form of assistance after birth. Only 1% will require more advanced form of care. Because the rare events cannot be always anticipated, pediatricians and neonatologist may not be readily available and the care should be performed but the nurses. Provision of essential newborn care training may improve the knowledge among midwives. Grady K., et al., (2011) conducted an observational study to assess the effectiveness of essential newborn care are key strategies for reducing newborn mortality and morbidity globally. Lack of adequately trained competent staff is a key barrier to achieving this. Assessed the effectiveness of a new package of Life Saving Skills Essential Newborn Care Training designed specifically around the UN signal functions in seven countries in sub-Saharan Africa. Among 600 healthcare providers (nurse-midwives, doctors, clinical officers and specialists), knowledge about the child birth as well as newborn care significantly increased. There was measurable improvement in skills, and participants expressed a high level of satisfaction with the training. The training package was found to meet the needs of healthcare providers, increased awareness of the need for evidence-based care and encouraged teamwork. Adhisivam B., et al., (2010) in Indian pediatric articles stated that the effectiveness of essential newborn care a need to reorient nursing staff. Improvement of knowledge and skills reduces the mortality and morbidity of newborn and maternal morbidity level. Newborn needs some kinds of assistance in the external environment. The reorientation of essential newborn care increases the newborn care among nurses. Kirkwood BR., et al., (2009) conducted a Newhints cluster randomized trial to evaluate the impact on package on essential newborn care intervention. The study aims in Ghana, to develop a feasible and sustainable community-based approach to improve newborn care practices and improved neonatal survival. The result stated that the package intervention should significant improvement in knowledge and skills among birth attendants. Darmstadt GL., et al (2009) conducted the study cluster-randomized controlled trial among birth attendants in Mirzapur, Bangladesh. The level and cause-structure of neonatal mortality in the local population must be considered in developing interventions.The study emphasis the programs must ensure skilled care during childbirth. The findings shows the programe reduced the primary causes of the death. Primary outcome measures were immediate newborn care behaviors, knowledge of danger signs, care seeking for neonatal complications, and neonatal mortality. Carlo, WA.,et al.(2010) conducted a pre experimental study to evaluate the effectiveness of essential newborn care program in improving knowledge, skills and self-efficacy among nurses working in low risk delivery clinics in USA. After training, written scores improved from 57% to 80%, performance scores improved from 74% to 90%. The study revealed that essential newborn care training program has the potential to substantially improve the knowledge and skills of essential newborn care. Opiyo, N., English, M. (2010) conducted a study to investigate the effectiveness in-service training on essential newborn care among health workers in Kenya. Independently selected the study and abstracted data using a standardized form to assess the study quality. The study results shows there were significant improvement in performance reduction in the potentially harmful practice and improvement in the delivery room following implementation of essential newborn care training. Ariff, S. Soofi, S.B. (2010) conducted a need assessment analysis on knowledge and practice of neonatal care among health care providers in the public sector of Pakistan. The nurses knowledge was good with 30% scoring more than 70% and 50% were able to demonstrate steps of immediate newborn care. The study revealed that training of health worker is very vital to address the gaps and to develop continuing education modules. Monebenimp, F., et al. (2009) conducted an observational study to evaluate the competence of health care providers towards newborn care at birth in Cameroon. The results showed that there is a need to reinforce the ability of health care providers by training in WHO essential newborn care with emphasis on providing skills on essential newborn care in order to reduce the burden neonatal related deaths. Kesterton, AJ., Cleland J. (2009) conducted a prospective survey among birth attendants in Karnataka. An interview schedule was done individually and found that many potentially harmful newborn practices are being carried out in that area. A package of essential newborn care practices exists, which has a proven impact on reducing newborn mortality. Successful implementation of essential newborn care package increased the knowledge. Vittner, D. (2009) in his articles on essential newborn care states that, the newborn intensive care unit is technology focused and crisis driven. Working in that area demands technical competence as well as the emotional aptitude to ensure that infant should care in the environment of basic humanness. Essential newborn skills that enhances the nursing profession. In an effort to make change in newborn intensive care unit have to incorporate reflective process to prepare the nurses to improve their knowledge in implementing essential newborn care. Vidal SA., et al. (2009) conducted a study to compare the effectiveness of two training strategies for improving essential newborn care in the state of Pernambuco, Brazil. . Doctors and nurses working at hospitals in Group 1 were given a conventional 5-day training course. Those in Group 2 were given the same manual used by Group 1 but the training course was organized as self-directed learning, with the participants having 5 weeks to complete the course. Participants knowledge was tested at baseline, immediately after the course. Participants practices were observed before training and knowledge were tested by interview method. The result showed that improved knowledge and skills. Agrawal PK., et al.(2009) conducted study and explored the knowledge of essential newborn health care practices among community health workers, Anganwadi workers and auxiliary nurse midwives in rural India. Using principle component analysis, knowledge scores for preventive care and danger signs were computed separately. A multivariate logistic regression model was used to estimate the adjusted effect of knowledge level. A generalized estimating equation (GEE) was used to account for clustering there were significantly higher improvement in knowledge and skills compared with those with control group. Knowledge is one of the crucial aspects of health systems to improve the coverage of community-based newborn health care programe as well as adherence to essential newborn care practices at the care level. Chomba E., et al. (2008) conducted controlled study to test the effect of WHO essential newborn care training on neonatal mortality by education among nurses in first level urban community health centers Zambia. Protocols and essential newborn care certified course were given. The data were collected after one week. The study showed that essential newborn care training is associated with decreased in early neonatal mortality, rates from 11.2% to 6.2% after the training. Osrin D., et al. (2008) conducted the study to implementing a community based participatory intervention to improve the effectiveness of essential newborn care with women and other key members in community in rural Nepal. Each group moved through a participatory assessment, sharing experiences, planning, action and reassessment, with the aim of improving essential newborn care. Outcomes assessed are neonatal mortality rates, health care seeking and referral. The result showed that implementing essential newborn care programe reduced mortality among newborn. Senarath U., et al. (2007) conducted the study to evaluate the effectiveness of a training program for care providers in improving practice of essential newborn care in obstetric units in Puttalam, Sri Lanka. The design used was before-and-after study with an intervention and a control group. A 4-day training program given on essential newborn care for doctors, nurses, and midwives of the obstetric units in two hospitals. The data collected by direct observation, practices of essential newborn care at delivery in the labor room. The evaluation was done by direct observation, practices of essential newborn care at delivery in the labor room. The result showed that the comprehensive 4-day training program showed significant improvement in essential newborn care practices in obstetric units. Uxa, F., et al.(2006) in his articles stated that training of health care professionals and health policy makers in the field of essential newborn care is one of the corner stones of the WHO initiatives making pregnancy safer and promoting effective perinatal care. After the training the positive changes in planning for and delivering neonatal care taking place, even in challenging contexts. Elizabeth, M., Mcclure., et al. (2005) conducted a pre-experimental study to evaluate the educational impact of newborn care among 115 nurses in Global network for women and children health research, Zambia. The post test score for knowledge was increased to 89% from 68% and practices were increased to 81% from 65%. The study concluded that there is improvement of knowledge and practice after essential newborn care training. 2.2 Part II: Reviews related to knowledge and skill of newborn resuscitation among nurses Matendo.,et al.(2011) conducted a secondary analysis on the effect of training of newborn resuscitation program among traditional birth attendants and midwives in Democratic Republic of Congo. The study showed that training midwives and birth attendants reduces newborn mortality. There was a significant decline in newborn mortality during the following newborn resuscitation program training. Kalmbach, K. (2011) stated that, successful resuscitation of newborn infants depends on adequate preparation, exact evaluation and prompt initiation of support by trained personnels, especially by the health care professionals. Adequate ventilation is the most important step in newborn resuscitation. Nelson, C.A., et al. (2011) conducted a pre-experimental study to quantify newborn resuscitation capacity at birthing sites in urban and rural Nepal among health care workers. Assessment included standardized interviews and evaluation of newborn resuscitation areas. The tool was recorded. The study result revealed that , there was a improvement in skill and knowledge, when caregivers have proper training of essential newborn care. Anne., et al. (2011) conducted a systemic review and Delphi estimation of mortality effect of neonatal resuscitaion among 136 million babies born annualy, the study revealed that around 10 million require assistance to breathe and each year 814,000 neonatal deaths due to complication of prematurity. The study concluded that newborn resuscitation training reduces neonatal deaths by 30%. Topyian, A.A., et al. (2010) stated resuscitation training in developing countries, increaesd child survival after resuscitation training, with an absolute risk reduction that ranges from 0% 34%. Further stated that training in developing countries has significantly improved the knowledge and practice of health professionals by reducing the mortality rate. Jukkala, A.M., Henly, S.J (2009) conducted a correlational study on provider readiness for newborn resuscitation among nurses and physician working in rural hospital, USA. The samples were 165 nurses and 59 physicians. Correlation between frequency of skill performance and comfort was higher for nurses than physicians. The study revealed that nurses had significant higher average level of comfort, knowledge and experience. Zaeem-ul-Haq., et al. (2009) conducted a postal survey on evidence for improvement in the quality of care among nurses and doctors from public sector hospitals Islamabad. 90% of the samples reported the use of acquired skills and the structured airway, breathing and circulation approach in handling emergencies. The study concluded that introducction of training program in a resource constrained health care system had improved the emergency management of newborn. Berger, T.M., Pilgrims. (2009) stated almost 10% of all newborn need some form of respiratory assistance after birth, only 1% will need more advanced form of resuscitation. Because these rare events cannot be always anticipated. Pediatricians and neonatologists may not be readily available and resuscitation has to be performed by nurses. Surg. Cdr S Narayanan., et al. (2009) conducted one group pre test and post test design to evaluate the effectiveness of teaching of newborn resuscitation for medical personnel including nursing officers and probationers nurses. The mean pre test score was 9.03 which improved to a mean of 15.53 in post test. Bream, K.D. (2005) conducted a study to assess barriers to and facilitators for newborn resuscitation among nurses in a central hospital in Malawi. The study concluded that solution to barriers included small resources additions as well as term policy changes. With standard protocols, experienced confident nurse could overcome the barriers in providing newborn resuscitation so that it can reduce infant mortality and improve the quality of life of women receiving care in Malawi. Mc.Namara, P.J. (2002) conducted a comparative study on resuscitation and stabilization of premature infants when specialized neonatal retrieval team is in attendance at delivery with immediate resuscitation performed by the referral hospital team. Results showed that the presence of highly skilled transport team at a high risk preterm delivery improves the quality of newborn resuscitation.

Use of the Supernatural in Shakespeares Macbeth Essays -- Macbeth ess

Use of the Supernatural in Macbeth In Shakespeare's play The Tragedy of Macbeth, Shakespeare uses an underlying motif of the supernatural to control the characters and add a new dimension to the play. Shakespeare uses a large motif of light vs. darkness throughout the play to present moral choices and religious ideas. When the play opens, there is thunder rolling around and the witches on stage. The thunder is symbolic of darkness and gives the audience the first impression that the play will not be ordinary. The witches who only appear in darkness, elements of the supernatural, are one of Shakespeare's classic ways of catching the audience's attention and of also setting the mood for the play. Another motif present in Macbeth is appearance vs. reality. In this motif, Shakespeare uses concepts that either hint at the character's delusion or that a supernatural force has taken over and controls what is real and what is not. An example of this is seen when Macbeth sees the dagger before him. The dagger could just be a hallucination or it could be a vision sent from the wi...

Jessica and Shylock Essay

1) What forms the foundation of the relationship between the two characters your group has been assigned? (Think about the ties they have with one another, how are they drawn to one another etc.) There is familial love between Jessica and Shylock but Jessica is unfilial. The quote ‘To be ashamed to be my father’s child’ (2.3.16) shows that Jessica detests her father to the extent of being ashamed to be related to him. However, Solanio heard Shylock shout in the streets ‘ My daughter’(2.8.15) after he found out that Jessica left him with a Christian. This shows that Shylock cared about his daughter and loved his daughter so much that he was so overwhelmed with grief when she left that he shouted out loud in the public regardless of his image and reputation in the town. Thus, there is a one-sided love from Shylock to Jessica, Jessica does not appreciate Shylock’s love by being ashamed of him as well as running away from him which also shows that she is unfilial towards her father. 2) Does Shylock love his daughter? Explore how he appears to transform from a mere grumbling man to a malicious Jew. Is it purely out of spite towards Antonio? Jessica’s selfishness caused Shylock to be a malicious Jew. Jessica disregards her father’s feelings towards her elopement. She only thought about escaping her controlling father and her ‘house is hell’ with Lorenzo, gaining the freedom that she wanted. This implies that Jessica is selfish, she ignored the possible outcomes and consequences of her actions and carried on with her selfish plan to elope with Lorenzo, a Christian, when she could think about alternative methods to change her father and his hate for Christians. Moreover, Jessica shows complete disregard for her father by saying ‘ I have a father, you a daughter lost’(2.5.16) as she did not spare a thought about the disappointment her father will feel and the loneliness he would have to face without his wife and daughter by his side. Therefore, Jessica’s selfishness caused Shylock to be a malicious Jew by escaping with a Christian and arousing Shylock’s anger and hate to wards the Christians resulting him to want to get revenge against the Christians for causing him to lose his only daughter. 3) How has this relationship changed/progressed/deteriorated throughout the play. Jessica and Shylock shared a rocky father daughter relationship. Before Jessica eloped with Lorenzo, Shylock showed Jessica care by being a controlling father who applied rigid rules from the Jewish religion in their family, this is shown by the way Shylock treats Jessica. From the quote ‘Do as I bid you. Shut doors after you’(2.5.51) it shows how controlling Shylock is to his daughter, Shylock not only wants to lock up his daughter to the world he also doesn’t want Jessica to experience Venetian society, and Jessica shows her resentment towards her father when she said ‘ I am daughter to his blood but not to his manners’ (2.3.17). Furthermore, after Jessica left, Shylock had began to hate her daughter for leaving him with a Christian and stealing his money, ‘Justice,find the girl’(2.8.21) and ‘I would my daughter were dead at my foot’(3.1.75) shows that he wants his daughter to be caught and to be reported to the police or b etter yet dead so that his riches that were stolen could be returned to him , but, regardless of what happened he still acknowledge Jessica as his daughter and cared for her marriage when he said ‘I have a daughter’(4.1.292) and ‘ any of the stock Barabbas had been her husband rather than a Christian’ this implies that he wanted his daughter to marry a man whom he thinks is good not someone like a Christian who looks down on Jews which shows that he cared for her. Therefore, the relationship between Shylock and Jessica was a rocky one, Shylock’s feelings towards Jessica changes throughout the play, when he was feeling lonely or thinking about his daughter he showed his concern for her but when he was thinking about his ducats and his wealth that was stolen by his daughter he shows disappointment as well as his resentment towards his daughter and Christians. 4) Timeline 2.3: Jessica passes the letter which she wrote to Launcelot asking him to pass it to Lorenzo. 2.5: Shylock tells Jessica that he would be going to supper with some of the Christians and ordered her to lock up the doors as he does not want her to go out. Shylock nearly found out Jessica’s plans to elope when Launcelot gave her the instructions from Lorenzo. 2.6: Jessica elopes with Lorenzo, stealing her father’s money and jewels. 3.1: Shylock hears about Jessica wasting his money and also about her selling his precious ring that his wife gave him before they were married. 4.1: Shylock was upset as he felt that his daughter was stolen from him by a Christian and that she could have married a better Jewish husband. 4.1: Shylock converted to Christianity and agreed to leave his wealth to his daughter and her husband.